Remarks
The above examples demonstrate that the concept of a catastrophe is fundamental to atmospheric dynamics. While some of the specifics of these examples may later turn out to be incomplete or even incorrect, the general concept of a catastrophe will still remain useful. When we study quasi- equilibria such as Rossby waves, cloud clusters, and gravity waves, we need to ask not only how they are maintained, but also whether and how they can become unstable, and how they transition to other quasi-...
AirSea Exchange and Ocean Mixing at the Diurnal and Intraseasonal Scales
Lau and Sui 1997 and Sui et al. 1997b analyzed the COARE data and found that the dry and wet phases in the atmospheric precip-itable water are associated with the passage of the intraseasonal oscillations during the TOGA COARE. The passage of the intrareasonal oscillations also affects the surface radiative and heat fluxes that impact the ocean mixing processes and thus the upper-ocean stratification. The 2-3-day disturbances and diurnal cycles are phenomena with the dominant time scales during...
Chang And Wong Reference For Equator Typhoon Paper Atmospheric Science
National Taiwan University, Taiwan Executive Editor NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI CHENNAI World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Recent progress in atmospheric sciences applications to the Asia-Pacific region edited by K.N. Liou and M.-D. Chou. p. cm....
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Figure 13. Time-lag correlation coefficients between the principal component of the leading M-SSA mode of the interannual Indian Ocean SST variability and the low-pass filtered SST anomalies in the Indo-Pacific Run. Values are averaged between 4 S and 4 N. Contour intervals are 0.1. Positive values are shaded. From Yu and Lau, 2004. ENSO pattern peaks about 3.5 months before the IOZM peaks. This discrepancy may be due to the fact that the model ENSO tends to peak in early fall, rather than in...
Linear Instability
It is instructive to first examine the dynamical properties of weak perturbations in this system. They are governed by the linearized version of 6.2 , viz. Zt J ref, Z JW, Zref f aZ. 4 The absolute vorticity and stream function fields of a pertinent basic state with uoo 0.2 are shown in Fig. 1. The maximum nondimensional velocity is 1.05. The model Pacific jet has a maximum speed of 63m s and the model Atlantic jet has a maximum speed of 37m s. The two localized jets are made up of a zonal mean...
TC Contribution to the ISV
The potential contribution of TCs to the ISV was estimated by calculating the difference between the ISV was the original and the TC-removed vorticity at 850 hPa. As demonstrated in Fig. 2 and Hsu et al. 2008 , the Kurihara scheme cleanly separates TCs from the background large-scale circulation. The variance contributed by TCs and large-scale circulation are also well separated. The original 32-76-day variance of 850 hPa vorticity presented in Fig. 8 a reveals two major ISV regions along the...
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Figure 5. Linear regression between the principal component of the leading EOF mode and the anomalies in a sea level pressure, b surface heat flux, and c SST. Vectors represent regression coefficients between the principal component and zonal and meridional wind stress anomalies and are in units of dyn cm2. Contours intervals are 0.1 mb for a , 0.2 W m2 for b , and 0.05 K for c . Positive values are shaded. Positive negative values in b indicate less more surface heat flux out of the ocean....
References 1
Ando, K., and M. J. McPhaden, 1997 Variability of surface layer hydrography in the tropical Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23063-23078. Arakawa, A., and W. H. Schubert, 1974 Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701. Atlas, R., O. Reale, B.-W. Shen, S.-J. Lin, J.-D. Chern, W. Putman, T. Lee, K.-S. Yeh, M. Bosilovich, and J. Radakovich, 2005 Hurricane forecasting with the high-resolution NASA finite volume general...
Diurnal variation of tropical oceanic convection
The diurnal variation of tropical oceanic convection is one of most important phenomena in tropical variability, and plays a crucial role in regulating tropical hydrological and energy cycles. The dominant diurnal signal is the nocturnal peak in precipitation that occurs in the early morning see the review in Sui et al., 1997a . Kraus 1963 emphasized the role of radiative forcing in the diurnal variation, and suggested that solar heating and IR cooling tend to suppress convection during daytime...
Abrupt Latitudinal Movement of the ITCZ Monsoon Onset
The intertropical convergence zone ITCZ is the location where surface winds converge and rise into the upward branch of the Hadley Walker circulation. The latent heat released in the ITCZ drives the Hadley Walker circulation. In other words, the ITCZ is a part of the Hadley Walker circulation. The latitudinal location and the intensity of the ITCZ impact the tropical surface wind distribution, which, in turn, impacts the air-sea interaction. The latter is known to play a crucial role in El...
References Qcr
Arnold, V. I., 1984 Catastrophe Theory translated by R. K. Thomas , Springer-Verlag, 79 pp. Barnes, J. R., and J. L. Hollingsworth, 1987 Dynamic modeling of a planetary wave mechanism for a Martian polar warming. ICARUS, 71, 313-334. Brown, R. A., 1970 A secondary flow model for the planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 742-757. Budydo, M. I., 1969 The effect of solar radiation variation on the climate of the earth. Tellus, 21, 613-629. Chao, W. C., 1985 Stratospheric sudden warmings as...