Education
o Enhance flood-related education for managers, decision makers and the public o Agriculturalists must be educated to ensure adequate response to changed conditions This report has been prepared in the light of the papers presented at the NATO Workshop and through working group interactions between many experts. The experts note, however, that there is not enough knowledge to make definitive statements, particularly in assigning weights to the various climatic and human drivers of change....
Warehouses with toxic wastage
There are many warehouses 16 storing uranium, 54 obsolete pesticides, 2 storing cyanide in our region situated on the banks of rivers. There was a release from a pesticides warehouse that killed fish in Son-Kul, which is a high-altitude lake 3,016 m above sea level, storage - 2.64 km3 in Kyrgyzstan TienShan in 1977. Some examples follow. There is a large waste warehouse containing cyanide from gold mining Kum-Tor area, 4,100 m above sea level, warehouse stores a total volume 100 million cubic...
Mathematical modelling of oil infiltration into soil for Assessment of
We have applied mathematical models describing oil penetration into soils as a result of accidents on railway and pipeline routes in the general case and for special conditions taking into account the specific properties of several types of soils found along the routes Davitashvili and Komurjishvili, 2002 Davitashvili, 2004 . The calculations were made for meadow-alluvial, sandy and sub-sandy soils. Numerical calculations were carried out during 180 days. Numerical calculations have shown that...
Conclusion 1
The experiences and the research findings presented above provide ample evidence for reducing water demand as an effective strategy to increase water security in a wide variety of circumstances. Over and above the shorter term efficiency approach of demand management, water soft paths offer greater savings, and hence greater water security, within the context of a longer term search for a triple bottom line - economic growth, social equity, ecological sustainability. Though many institutional...
IV Bondyrev and ED Tsereteli
1 Vakhushti Bagrationi Institute of Geography, Ministry of Education and Sciences of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia 2Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia, Centre of Monitoring and Forecasting, Tbilisi, Georgia Abstract. The specifications of distribution and character of dynamic hazards due to water processes is reviewed in the paper floods, mudflows, landslides, and swamping. The assessment of the damage caused by these processes is also described. Keywords Floods,...
Polytoxicosis of fish
In order to select priority indicators of ecological status, seasonal surveys of the Amu water and fish quality were undertaken in 2002. Bio-indication was combined with physical and chemical methods IR and UV spectroscopy, gas and liquid chromatography, atomic-absorption spectrometry . Transboundary pollution of the Amu River from adjacent areas of China, wastes from power sources, river transportation and forest fires were the most important factors. To whom correspondence should be...
Danube river basin
Having its legal basis established since 1930, when the first law to protect natural monuments was passed, the study and protection of the natural assets in Romania saw a steady development until the 1960s, thereafter falling into neglect and being completely abandoned in the 1980s. A few To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail galatchi univ-ovidius.ro years after 1990, conservation activity experienced a revival. The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve was established, several...
References Xta
Borlea, Gh.F., Brad, R., Merce, O. and Turcu, D. 2003 Wood energy in Romania, Annals of I.C.A.S., 46 321-326. Dumitru, M. et al., 2001 Country Report - Romania http www.icpa.ro fao_glwi . Gaspar, R., 2003 The role and contribution of the Forest Research and Management Institute in the establishment of the Romanian school for torrential watershed management. Annals of I.C.A.S., 46 377-383. Jelev, I., 2005 Can floods be controlled in Romanian 16 12-13. Ministry of Environment and Water...
Water treatment technique
The local problem of removing water hardness and organic contaminants can be solved by using special home and industrial water treatment systems based on developed fibrous sorbents with immobilized silver nanoparticles. Polyacrylonitrile PAN cloth with a surface density of 1.0 kg m2 and thickness of 10 mm was utilized as the raw material for making ion-exchange sorbents. Experiments by Khaydarov and Khaydarov 2006 have shown that the optimum condition for obtaining cation-exchange sorbents is...
FTIR spectroscopic characterization of Escherichia coli
Fourier-Transform Infrared FT-IR spectroscopy is a widely utilized technique for chemical analysis Johnston, 1991 . In soil microbial biomass, IR spectroscopy appeared useful in establishing the spectral fingerprints of different cell constituents, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acid Filip, 1978a, b . Time-consuming and difficult isolation of individual cell structural units can be omitted using this technique, when intact cells biomass are under investigation. Also, small...
Data used
The information needed by the user authorities, NGOs etc. should be delivered in short time with a good spatial resolution and integrated in a user-friendly cartographic environment. In order to obtain this kind of product different types of data have been used Topographic maps have been used to extract different types of info-layers Fig. 2 - Administrative elements national limits - border, administrative limits, localities . - Natural elements hydrographical network rivers, dykes, channels,...
References Uyg
Balint, Z., 2004 , Flood protection in the Tisza basin. Proc. of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop - Flood Risk Management Hazards, Vulnerability, Mitigation Measures, Ostrov u Tise, Czech Republik, pp.171-183. Brakenridge, R.G., Stancalie, G., Ungureanu, V., Diamandi, A., Streng, O., Barbos, A., Lucaciu, J., Kerenyi, M. and Szekeres, J., 2003 Monitoring of extreme flood events in Romania and Hungary using EO data. NATO SfP Progress report, May. Hanover NH, USA. Hendry, F., 2004 Best...
AY Hoekstra
University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands Abstract. Import of water in virtual form, i.e. in the form of agricultural and industrial commodities, can be an effective means for water-scarce countries to preserve their domestic water resources. On the other hand, export of water-intensive commodities will increase the use and thus the scarcity of water in the exporting countries. Another likely effect of international trade is that it increases dependency of nations that are net importers...
Threats to biodiversity and naturalness
The threats to biodiversity can be divided into two groups one that results from human action outside the delta area, and the other due to unsustainable human action within the delta. Humans have modified the river discharge to the Delta, mainly by hydro-technical works, particularly dams, in upstream river sections. Such interventions were generally considered the most important threat recorded. These changes affect many aspects of the functioning of the Delta, but are particularly important...
FLOODING IN AFGHANISTAN A CRISIS E Hagen and JF Teufert
1 NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency NC3A , The Hague, The Netherlands 2 Department of Geography, National University Singapore NUS , Singapore Abstract. Afghanistan is a nation prone to natural disasters such as floods and droughts. Yet the severe floods of 2005 and 2006, which displaced thousands, highlighted how little was known about floods in the mountainous nation. At present no flood hazard maps exist pinpointing the location and extent of the inundated areas, nor are there...
Y Kamalov
NGO Union for Defense of the Aral Sea and Amudarya. 41 Prospekt Berdakh, Nukus, Uzbekistan Abstract. The matter of saving and restoring the Aral Sea is not currently on the agenda of any conference, project or scientific research supported by governmental bodies. There is a sort of silent agreement on the impossibility of saving the Sea. Meanwhile, there have been no attempts to save the Sea, not even one single approach has been taken. There is a demand for new arguments for saving and...
References 1
Allan, J.A., 1995 The Role of Drought in Determining the Reserve Water Sector in Israel. Drought Network News, 7 3 21-23. Beaumont, P., 2002 Water Policies for the Middle East in the 21st Century The New Economic Realities. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 18 2 315-334. Ben-Zvi, A., Dlayahu, E., Gottesmann, M. and Passal, A., 1998 Evolution of the 1990-1991 Water Crisis in Israel. Water International, 23 2 67-74. Brandes, O.M. and Ferguson, K., 2004 The Future in Every Drop...
Introduction Wdp
Floods are the most important disaster affecting many countries in the world year after year. From the Romanian perspective, floods are among the most hazardous natural disasters in terms of human suffering and economic losses. The large floods that occurred in spring and summer of 2005, the worst ones in more than 40 years, affected large regions of Romania in the Timis county floods of 19-23 April , over 1,300 homes were damaged or destroyed, 3,800 people were evacuated and about 30,000 ha of...
References Nyd
Haruvy, N., Hadas, A. and Hadas, A., I997 Cost assessment of various means of averting environmental damage and groundwater contamination from nitrate seepage. Agricultural Water Management, 32 307-320. Haruvy, N., Shalhevet, S. and Ravina, I., 2004 Irrigation with treated wastewater in Israel - financial and managerial analysis. Journal of Financial Management and Analysis, 17 93-102. Wallach, R., Ben-Arie, O. and Graber, E.R., 2005 Soil water repellency induced by long-term irrigation with...
Results and discussion
2.1. INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL APPROACHES FOR DETERMINATION OF TOTAL TOXICITY Usually different living organisms Crustacea, fish, algae, fungi, some vegetables and others are used to control total toxicity of environmental materials. An International Standard exists as the basis of the determination of some indexes of Daphnia immobilization ISO 6341 1996 E . Unfortunately, it is a very routine procedure. Other approaches which are used in practical applications are based on control of oxygen...
Floods in Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a country not only crippled by decades of conflict, but also prone to natural disasters. Earthquakes, droughts, floods and extreme snowfall affect the lives of thousands of Afghans. Severe flooding in 2005 and 2006 made thousands homeless, and destroyed agricultural land, livestock and infrastructure. In the post-Taliban era alone 50 floods have already been reported. However, except for short situational reports many of these floods are not well documented, thus little is known...
References Tlm
Alexeev, G.A., 1971 Objective methods of smoothing and normalization of correlation dependencies. Leningrad Hydrometeoizdat Publishing House, 362 pp. In Russian . Inventory of USSR glaciers, 1971-1978 Vol. 14, issue 3, parts 7-12. Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat Publishing House In Russian . Konovalov, V.G., 2007 Long-term change of the water balance components in the river basin of snow and ice melted feedings. Meteorology and Hydrology, 8 77-89 In Russian . Konovalov, V.G., 2006 Regional model...
The hydrological model SEROS
The hydrological model SEROS combines the one-dimensional vertical land surface scheme SEWAB Surface Energy and Water Balance, Mengelkamp et al., 1999 and a horizontal routing scheme Lohmann et al., 1996 . The one-dimensional vertical land surface model SEWAB calculates the vertical water and energy fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere and within the soil column for a land surface grid cell. The surface energy balance equation describes the equilibrium of net irradiance, latent...