Info Cvn
Early middle Pleistocene (~1.0-0.78 Ma)
Duck (Anas sp.) Hawk (Buteo sp.) Accipitridae, indeterminate Virginia Rail (Rallus cf. R. limicola) Black-billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia)a Common Raven (Corvus corax)
|
Taxon |
Number of Bones |
MNI |
|
Chipping Sparrow (Spizella cf. S. passerina)a |
1 |
1 |
|
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) |
1 |
1 |
|
Emberizidae |
1 |
1 |
|
Middle Pleistocene (stratigraphically younger than "early middle Pleistocene") | ||
|
Goose (cf. Anser sp. or Chen sp.) |
1 |
1 |
|
Duck (Anas sp.) |
1 |
1 |
|
Anatidae, indeterminate |
2 |
— |
|
Hawk (Buteo sp.) |
1 |
1 |
|
Golden Eagle (cf. Aquila chrysaetos) |
1 |
1 |
|
Accipitridae, indeterminate |
1 |
— |
|
Greater-sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) |
1 |
1 |
|
White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus cf. L. leucurus) |
1 |
1 |
|
Black-billed Magpie (Pica hudsonia) |
1 |
1 |
|
American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) |
2 |
1 |
|
White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)a |
1 |
1 |
|
Nuthatch (Sitta sp.) |
1 |
1 |
|
White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichea leucophrys)a |
1 |
1 |
|
Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) |
1 |
1 |
|
Gray-crowned Rosy-finch (Leucosticte tephrocotis) |
1 |
1 |
|
Late middle Pleistocene (? < 0.78 Ma) | ||
|
Duck (Anas sp.) |
4 |
1 |
|
Redhead (Aythya cf. A. americana) |
1 |
1 |
|
Anatidae, indeterminate |
1 |
— |
|
Hawk (Buteo sp.) |
2 |
1 |
|
Accipitridae, indeterminate |
1 |
— |
|
Falcon (Falco sp.) |
3 |
1 |
|
Greater-sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) |
1 |
1 |
|
Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) |
1 |
1 |
|
Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris)a |
4 | |
|
Tree Swallow (Tachycineta cf. T. bicolor)a |
1 |
1 |
|
Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) |
1 |
1 |
|
Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella brewer) |
1 |
1 |
|
Longspur (Calcarius sp.) |
1 |
1 |
|
Gray-crowned Rosy-finch (Leucosticte tephrocotis) |
2 |
2 |
|
Black Rosy-finch (Leucosticte atrata) |
1 |
1 |
|
Total |
154 |
95 |
aEarliest fossil records known from North America.
aEarliest fossil records known from North America.
(DMNH 1347), Will's Hole (DMNH 1350), and the Crystal Room (DMNH 1345) cannot be dated reliably. However, the Generator Dome deposit is possibly at least as old as or older than the lower Pit levels 8-12 and is so treated here (but see chapter 2 for caveats). Age control for Will's Hole is poor, but in this chapter it is regarded as about the same age as horizons C-F of the DMNH Velvet Room.
Table 12.1 lists all avian taxa identified from these localities sorted into approximate relative-age bins: early Pleistocene
(Mark's Sink); early middle Pleistocene (Pit levels 8-12, Badger Room, Fissure Fill A, Ferret Room, DMNH Velvet Room horizons G-I); middle Pleistocene (Pit levels 1-3, DMNH Velvet Room horizons C-F, Will's Hole); and late middle Pleistocene (DMNH Velvet Room horizons A-C). Specimens from mixed layers or provenances of unknown age (e.g., Crystal Room, Last Chance Pit) are not included in this table. Tables 10.110.13 list all avian taxa by locality. In the following section, the original excavation information in terms of numeric grid and level designations is provided for the DMNH Velvet Room specimens, with the correlated horizon information, when known, in parentheses. (See chapter 2 for information about how the grid level designations translate into horizon designations; only the horizon designations have stratigraphie meaning.)
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